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如何控制管理好自己的時(shí)間
導(dǎo)語(yǔ):注重有質(zhì)量的時(shí)間(quality time)——時(shí)間不是每一分鐘都是一樣的,有時(shí)需要全神貫注,有時(shí)坐在旁邊上網(wǎng)就可以了。要記得家人平時(shí)為你犧牲很多,度假、周末是你補(bǔ)償?shù)臋C(jī)會(huì)。
如何控制時(shí)間
1.做你真正感興趣、與自己人生目標(biāo)一致的事情。我發(fā)現(xiàn)我的“生產(chǎn)力”和我的“興趣”有著直接的關(guān)系,而且這種關(guān)系還不是單純的線性關(guān)系。如果面對(duì)我沒有興趣的事情,我可能會(huì)花掉40%的時(shí)間,但只能產(chǎn)生20%的效果;如果遇到我感興趣的事情,我可能會(huì)花100%的時(shí)間而得到200%的效果。要在工作上奮發(fā)圖強(qiáng),身體健康固然重要,但是真正能改變你的狀態(tài)的關(guān)鍵是心理而不是生理上的問題。真正地投入到你的工作中,你需要的是一種態(tài)度、一種渴望、一種意志。
2.知道你的時(shí)間是如何花掉的。挑一個(gè)星期,每天記錄下每30分鐘做的事情,然后做一個(gè)分類(例如:讀書、準(zhǔn)備GRE、和朋友聊天、社團(tuán)活動(dòng)等)和統(tǒng)計(jì),看看自己什么方面花了太多的時(shí)間。凡事想要進(jìn)步,必須先理解現(xiàn)狀。每天結(jié)束后,把一整天做的事記下來,每15分鐘為一個(gè)單位(例如:1:00~1:15等車,1:15~1:45搭車,1:45~2:45與朋友喝茶……)。在一周結(jié)束后,分析一下,這周你的時(shí)間如何可以更有效率地安排?有沒有活動(dòng)占太大的比例?有沒有方法可以增加效率?
3.使用時(shí)間碎片和“死時(shí)間”。如果你做了上面的時(shí)間統(tǒng)計(jì),你一定會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)每天有很多時(shí)間流逝掉了,例如等車、排隊(duì)、走路、搭車等,可以用來背單字、打電話、溫習(xí)功課等,F(xiàn)在隨時(shí)隨地都能上網(wǎng),所以沒有任何借口再發(fā)呆一次。我前一陣和同事一起出差,他們都很驚訝為什么我和他們整天在一起,但是我的電子郵件都可以及時(shí)回答?后來,他們發(fā)現(xiàn),當(dāng)他們?cè)陲w機(jī)上和汽車上聊天、讀雜志和發(fā)呆的時(shí)候,我就把電子郵件全回了。重點(diǎn)是,無(wú)論自己忙還是不忙,你要把那些可以利用時(shí)間碎片做的事先準(zhǔn)備好,到你有空閑的時(shí)候有計(jì)劃地拿出來做。
4.要事為先——每天一大早挑出最重要的三件事,當(dāng)天一定要能夠做完。在工作和生活中每天都有干不完的'事,唯一能夠做的就是分清輕重緩急。要理解急事不等于重要的事情。每天除了辦又急又重要的事情外,一定要注意不要成為急事的奴隸。有些急但是不重要的事情,你要學(xué)會(huì)放掉,要能對(duì)人說 no! 而且每天這三件事里最好有一件重要但是不急的,這樣才能確保你沒有成為急事的奴隸。
5.要有紀(jì)律。有的年輕人會(huì)說自己“沒有時(shí)間學(xué)習(xí)”,其實(shí),換個(gè)說法就是“學(xué)習(xí)沒有被排上優(yōu)先級(jí)次序”。曾經(jīng)有一個(gè)教學(xué)生做時(shí)間管理的老師,他上課時(shí)帶來兩個(gè)大玻璃缸和一堆大小不一的石頭。他做了一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn),在其中一個(gè)玻璃缸中先把小石、沙倒進(jìn)去,最后大石頭就放不下了。而另一個(gè)玻璃缸中先放大石頭,其他小石和沙卻可以慢慢滲入。他以此為比喻說:“時(shí)間管理就是要找到自己的優(yōu)先級(jí),若顛倒順序,一堆瑣事占滿了時(shí)間,重要的事情就沒有空位了。”
6.運(yùn)用80%~20%原則。人如果利用最高效的時(shí)間,只要20%的投入就能產(chǎn)生80%的效率。相對(duì)來說,如果使用最低效的時(shí)間,80%的時(shí)間投入只能產(chǎn)生20%的效率。一天頭腦最清楚的時(shí)候,應(yīng)該放在最需要專心的工作上。與朋友、家人在一起的時(shí)間,相對(duì)來說,不需要頭腦那么清楚。所以,我們要把握一天中20%的最高效時(shí)間(有些人是早晨,也有些人是下午和晚上;除了時(shí)間之外,還要看你的心態(tài),血糖的高低,休息是否足夠等綜合考量),專門用于最困難的科目和最需要思考的學(xué)習(xí)上。許多同學(xué)喜歡熬夜,但是晚睡會(huì)傷身,所以還是盡量早睡早起。
7.平衡工作和家庭。我對(duì)于家庭的時(shí)間分配是用下列的原則:
劃清界限、言出必行——對(duì)家人做出承諾后,而且一定要做到,但是希望其他時(shí)間得到諒解。制定較低的期望值以免造成失望。
忙中偷閑——不要一投入工作就忽視了家人,有時(shí)10分鐘的體貼比10小時(shí)的陪伴還更受用。
閑中偷忙——學(xué)會(huì)怎么利用時(shí)間碎片。例如:家人沒起床的時(shí)候,你就可以利用這段空閑時(shí)間去做你需要的工作。
20條讓你學(xué)會(huì)管理自己的時(shí)間:
下面就為大家推薦一些二十幾歲年輕人應(yīng)該學(xué)會(huì)的時(shí)間管理技巧。
1. There's always time. Time is priorities.
1. 時(shí)間是用不盡的,把時(shí)間擺在首位。
You never run out of time. If you didn't finish something by the time it was due, it's because you didn't consider it urgent or enjoyable enough to prioritize ahead of whatever else you were doing.
時(shí)間是用不盡的。如果你沒有按時(shí)完成某項(xiàng)任務(wù),那是因?yàn)槟銢]有把這個(gè)任務(wù)看得非常緊急,或者你認(rèn)為做這個(gè)任務(wù)的過程并不能讓你享受,所以你沒能把它放在其他要做的事情前。
2. Days always fill up faster than you'd expect.
2. 時(shí)間總是過得比你想象的要快。
Build in some buffer time. As the founder of Ruby on Rails, David Heinemeier Hansson, said, "Only plan on four to five hours of real work per day."
設(shè)置一段緩沖時(shí)間。就像Ruby on Rails公司的創(chuàng)始人大衛(wèi)·漢森所說的:“每天只需計(jì)劃4到5個(gè)小時(shí)的工作就夠了。”
3. Work more when you're in the zone. Relax when you're not.
3. 在單位多做工作,回家就放松。
Some days, you'll be off your game, and other times, you'll be able to maintain your focus for 12 hours straight. Take advantage of those days.
有時(shí)候你可能工作狀態(tài)不佳,有時(shí)候你甚至可以12小時(shí)連續(xù)高效工作。充分利用好效率高的時(shí)間。
4. Stop multitasking. It kills your focus.
4. 不要同時(shí)做多項(xiàng)工作,這會(huì)分散你的注意力。
There have been academic studies that found the brain expends energy as it readjusts its focus from one item to the next. If you're spending your day multitasking, you're exhausting your brain.
有研究表明大腦在調(diào)整注意力從某件事轉(zhuǎn)移到另一件事的時(shí)候,能量消耗加大。如果你一整天都在處理不同的事情,容易讓大腦疲勞。
5. We're always more focused and productive with limited time.
5. 有時(shí)間限制的時(shí)候我們會(huì)更專心,效率更高。
Work always seems to find a way of filling the space allotted for it, so set shorter time limits for each task.
工作似乎總能在規(guī)定的時(shí)間內(nèi)做完,所以給每一項(xiàng)任務(wù)少留一點(diǎn)時(shí)間。
6. Work is the best way to get working. Start with small tasks to get the ball rolling.
6. 進(jìn)入工作狀態(tài)最好的方式就是開始工作。從小任務(wù)開始逐步進(jìn)入狀態(tài)。
The business plan you need to finish may be intimidating at 8 in the morning. Get your mind on the right path with easy tasks, such as answering important work emails.
早上8點(diǎn)的時(shí)候看工作計(jì)劃可能會(huì)讓你望而卻步。先做一些簡(jiǎn)單的任務(wù),做好心理準(zhǔn)備,比如回復(fù)一些重要的工作郵件。
7. Expectations to do things perfectly are stifling.
7. 預(yù)想完美地完成任務(wù)會(huì)讓你倍感壓力。
General George S. Patton once said, "A good plan executed now is better than a perfect plan executed next week."
喬治巴頓二世曾說:“正在執(zhí)行的好計(jì)劃比下周執(zhí)行的完美計(jì)劃好的多。”
8. More work hours doesn't mean more productivity. Use constraints as opportunities.
8. 工作時(shí)間長(zhǎng)不代表產(chǎn)量高。把約束當(dāng)做機(jī)遇。
Don't kid yourself into thinking that sitting at your desk will somehow extract work from you. Do whatever you can to finish your current task by the end of regular work hours instead of working into the night.
不要想著坐在桌子前就是在工作。在工作時(shí)間把當(dāng)前的任務(wù)完成,不要熬夜工作。
9. Separate brainless and strategic tasks to become more productive.
9. 將非腦力勞動(dòng)和腦力勞動(dòng)分開,這樣效率更高。
Ideally, you can brainstorm your ideas and then execute them. If you're constantly stopping your flow of work to rethink something, you're slowing yourself down.
理想狀態(tài)下,你可以有很多好點(diǎn)子并一一執(zhí)行。如果你停下手頭上的`工作去回想的話,你自然就慢下來了。
10. Organize important meetings early in the day. Time leading up to an event is often wasted.
10. 盡早安排重要會(huì)議。等待是最浪費(fèi)時(shí)間的。
If you have an important meeting scheduled for 4 p.m., it's easy for anxiety to set in and keep that meeting at the front of your mind. Try to get big meetings over with early so you can work without worrying about them.
如果你把重要的會(huì)議放在下午4點(diǎn),你會(huì)很容易焦慮,因?yàn)檫@之前你會(huì)一直想著它。試著將重要會(huì)議安排地早一點(diǎn),這樣你就可以安心地做其他工作了。
11. Schedule meetings and communication by email or phone back-to-back to create blocks of uninterrupted work.
11. 安排一段時(shí)間只開會(huì)、發(fā)郵件或電話溝通。
You'll disrupt your flow if you're reaching out to people throughout the day.
如果你一整天都在聯(lián)系別人,會(huì)打斷你的工作進(jìn)程。
12. Work around procrastination.
12. 克服拖延癥。
Try Francesco Cirillo's Pomodoro Technique. Pomodoro is Italian for tomato, and the technique's name refers to the tomato-shaped cooking timer Cirillo used to break his work into 25-minute increments with five-minute breaks in between. You can use the same idea with your own increments, as long as they inspire bursts of hard work.
試試弗朗西斯科·齊立羅的番茄工作法。齊立羅用番茄形狀的廚房定時(shí)器將自己的工作時(shí)間設(shè)置為每工作25分鐘休息5分鐘,這也是這套工作法名字的來源。
13. Break down a massive task into manageable blocks.
13. 將任務(wù)量大的任務(wù)分成幾個(gè)小任務(wù)。
Alabama football coach Nick Saban follows a similar philosophy he calls the Process. Instead of having his players focus on winning the championship, he trains them to focus on only what is directly in front of them.
亞拉巴馬州橄欖球教練尼克·塞班采用的就是類似方法。他不會(huì)讓運(yùn)動(dòng)員只想著贏得錦標(biāo)賽,而是讓他們專注眼前。
14. No two tasks ever hold the same importance. Always prioritize.
14. 沒有兩項(xiàng)工作是同等重要的。權(quán)衡輕重緩急。
Daily to-do lists are effective ways of scheduling your day. Just do what you can to keep bullet points from making "clean desk" on par with "file taxes."
列出當(dāng)天要做的事情是有效的管理時(shí)間的方式,但是不要把“擦桌子”和“報(bào)稅”放在一起。
15. Always know the one thing you really need to get done during the day.
15. 清楚你當(dāng)天必做的一件事情。
Determine which task in front of you is most important, and focus your energy on getting that done as soon as possible.
確定一件最重要的事情,集中精力盡快完成它。
16. Learn to make use of other people.
16. 學(xué)會(huì)讓別人幫你做事。
To be truly efficient, get over the fear of handing off work to someone else.
想要真正提高效率就不要怕讓別人幫你工作。
17. Turn the page on yesterday. Only ever think about today and tomorrow.
17. 翻過昨天,只想今天和明天。
Don't distract yourself with either the successes or failures of the past. Focus instead on what's in front of you.
不要因?yàn)檫^去的成功或失敗而分心。專注眼前。
18. Set deadlines for everything.
18. 為每件事都設(shè)一個(gè)最后期限。
Spending too much time on a project or keeping it on the backburner for too long will lead to stagnation. Get things done and move on.
花太多時(shí)間在一件事上或是不斷推遲這件事都會(huì)導(dǎo)致停滯不前。做好一件事就馬上開始下一件。
19. Always take notes.
19.記筆記。
Don't assume you'll remember every good idea that comes into your head during the day. It doesn't matter if it's a notebook, whiteboard, or an app like Evernote--just write stuff down.
不要以為你能記住每一個(gè)好想法。無(wú)論是用筆記本、記事板、還是手機(jī)應(yīng)用,記下你的想法。
20. Write down any unrelated thoughts that pop up when you're in the zone, so that they don't linger as distractions.
20. 工作的時(shí)候記下任何突然出現(xiàn)在腦子里的想法,這樣它們就不會(huì)停在腦子里讓你分心了。
You'll get them out of the way without losing them.
你可以不去想它同時(shí)又不會(huì)忘記。
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